The wild Erianthus arundinaceum germplasm resources in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shanxi, Gansu, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan were investigated and collected from October 2011 to April 2012. The results showed that a total of 420 germplasm resources were collected in seven provinces. At the same time, it was analysised in geographical distribution, morphological characters and ecological adaptation. At last, the utilization direction in near future was discussed.