Abstract: Sugarcane hybrids are important parent resources for innovation and genetic breeding of sugarcane. In order to obtain excellent accessions, ROC22 as control variety, the core collection of sugarcane hybrids including 107 accessions were screened by using variance analysis statistic method(LSD and Duncan) based on three important agronomic traits(cane yield per hectare, sucrose in cane and sugar content per hectare). The results showed 36 accessions performed better than control variety in three traits, and cane yield per hectare has bigger influences to sugar content per hectare than sucrose in cane. 20 pairs of SSR primers were selected for investigating the genetic relationships between excellent accessions screened and key parent of sugarcane in china, about 292 markers were obtained, 283 among them belong to polymorphic markers; the value of similarity coefficient among all accessions rang from 0.384 to 0.590, mean value is 0.437, it indicated there are big genetic differences among them. And all accessions can been divided into 5 groups(A-E) by UPGMA analysis, every group was clustered into some accessions performing better in cane yield per hectare and sugar content per hectare, then these clones with high sucrose in cane were mainly placed into B,C,D groups especially C group. Finally, these results will provide important valuable information and direction for innovation and genetic breeding of sugarcane.