In order to research and utilize the breeding materials and introduced germplasm of cassava, we set the cultivars SC8 and SC205 as control, analyzed 16 phenotype traits and evaluate the genetic diversity of 142 breeding materials and 8 Switzerland introduced germplasm, and hoped to find high-yield cassava resources with using principal component analysis. The results showed that the genetic similarity between the germplasm mean coefficient of 0.652, phenotypic traits-based clustering genetic similarity coefficient mean of 0.186. The two clustering results were significant different, but the results showed that all of the materials had abundant gentic differences. The two years study of yield-related traits indicated the significant difference. Meanwhile, showed the environment influenced the results. The principal component analysis of yield-related traits showed that the best comprehensive evaluation of the performance was C322, and G74 was the worst. Meanwhile, there were 47 breeding materials superior to the two controls in comprehensive evaluation. Distantly related and complementary phenotypic differences materials could be selected in the future cross-breeding work and as hybrid parents, to further polymerization good traits and improve adverse traits.