Abstract: To rich the biodiversity of seashore mallow in China and develop new cultivars with high-quality and high-yielding, 15 populations was introduced from its native 9 states of America in 2011, and planted together with Lab1 and Lab2 in barren soil along with Yellow River, Zhengzhou city, Henan Province. Traits of 17 groups of materials and phylogenetic relationship among them were analyzed. The results showed that these populations survived barren lands during the whole growth period. They can adapt to the local climate and soil conditions with high yield in the experimental field. According to the significant different characters and phylogenetic tree, 15 populations are divided into two groups, early-maturing group and late-maturing group. Seed yields of species of south Carolina and Texas is highest, which are up to 160 kg per mu. These results provide the base for artificial hybridizations between populations.