Many species of Theaceae are not only important food oil materials, but also significant industrial oil, cosmetics and pharmaceutical raw materials. The analysis based on determination of theaceous seed oil content, as well as the field investigation, and related literature searching, the results indicate that there are 75 species in 10 genera of Theaceae distributed in Jiangxi province, China; and among them, the rate of oil content in nine species is more than 50%, such as Camellia oleifera, C. chekiangoleosa, C. brevistyla, C. microphylla, C. furfuracea, C. subintegra, Tutcheria hirta and T. championi; the rate of oil content in 13 species is between 30% and 50%, about 16 species is between 10% and 30%. Then, the species composition, the ecological habits, the potential value of exploration and utilization of theaceous plants in Jiangxi province were studied in this paper. The last results supposed that Camellia oleifera, C. chekiangoleosa, Tutcheria hirta, C. subintegra and C. brevistyla can be used as the key development species.