Since glutenin subunits have important effects on the quality of wheat. Using high quality subunits is a key approach to improve wheat quality. 1242 Xinjiang wheat were used to explore the distribution frequency of high quality subunits and 1B/1R translocation by molecular markers. At Glu-1 locus, the distribution frequency of 2*, 7+8, 5+10 was 20.2%, 22.0% and 21.9%, respectively. At Glu-3 locus, the distribution frequency of gluA3d, gluB3b, gluB3d, gluB3g was 16.9%, 14.3%, 11.9% and 10.3%, respectively. In winter wheat varieties, the distribution frequency of 5+10 and 1B/1R were highest, and 7+8, gluB3d, gluB3g were lowest in foreign varieties. The distribution frequency of 2*, gluB3d, and gluB3g were highest in released varieties. In spring wheat varieties, the distribution frequency of gluB3d was highest in foreign varieties. The distribution frequency of 5+10, gluA3d, and 1B/1R were highest, and 2*, gluB3d were lowest in domestic varieties. The distribution frequency of 2* was highest, gluB3b and gluB3g were lowest in released varieties. Therefore, the distribution frequency of single subunit from highest to lowest is 5+10>7+8>2*>gluA3d>gluB3b>gluB3d>gluB3g. The distribution frequency of high quality subunits at Glu-3 locus in landraces is higher than other varieties, which makes them are better donors of high quality LMW-GS. The distribution frequency of high quality subunits is higher in spring wheat than in winter wheat. Import the LMW-GS high quality subunits is one of the important direction of further improvement of wheat quality in Xinjiang. Finally, 21 winter wheat varieties and 24 spring wheat varieties with multiple high quality subunits, including both winter and spring wheat, were selected, which would be useful for improving wheat quality in Xinjiang.