In this study, the taxonomy, distribution, development and utilization of Corylus kweichowensis Hu were summarized based on the records of books and the literatures collected form libraries and network date base. The suitable ecological conditions were analyzed through the statistics of the meteorological data of the representative distributed sites. The results showed that: C. kweichowensis Hu was mainly distributed in the area of east longitude 102?6'-121?6', northern latitude 26?9'-36?8', covering 15 administrative provinces or municipalities. The natural distribution of C. kweichowensis Hu was dominated in hilly land, spanned temperate, warm temperate and subtropical zone, with an average annual temperature of 6.1-19.3℃. Thus, C. kweichowensis Hu had an extensive ecological adaptability in the southern part of China. In the aspect of distribution range, ecological habits, botanical characters, palynology and genetic relationship, evidences to date indicated that C. kweichowensis Hu had obvious difference with C. heterophylla Fisch., they should be two independent species; C. kweichowensis Hu has high economic and breeding values, but its development and utilization were very slow; it was urgent to carry out research works about the investigation, protection, population diversity and the hybrid use of C. kweichowensis Hu. This study performed would provide references for the future investigation, collection and evaluation of C. kweichowensis Hu genetic resources.