The 128 sorghum landraces germplasm distributed in thirties counties of seven prefecture in Gansu province were collected at the elevation between 953-2024 meters and the latitude between 33?4′~36?4′. Based on the identification, eight quality characters and eight quantity characters were analyzed by coefficient variation、genetic diversity index and clustering analysis method. The result showed that average genetic diversity index of 128 germplasm was about 1.203. Among the sixteen characters, the genetic diversity index of weight per spike and the burr trait respectively were the most with 1.468 and the smallest with 0.627; the CV % of panicle type and period of growth respectively were most with 62.99 % and smallest with 3.99 %. The result also showed that the gemplasm genetic diversity index collected from Qingyang prefecture had the most with 1.186 and the smallest with 0.373 collected from Lanzhou prefecture. The result of clustering analysis showed the 128 sorghum landraces germplasm were classified six groups according to their genetic distance, and the genetic diversity of the population from Qingyang, Dingxi and Tianshui prefecture were very ample.