Seventy alien chromosome addition lines of wild wheat-relatives are screened in this study to identify and chromosome map the genes of tolerance to the stress of low phosphorus under phosphorus-deficiency and phosphorus-sufficient conditions. On the basis of relative-biomass examination of young shoots, roots, phosphorus efficiency, uptake efficiency and utilization efficiency, the genes of high phosphorus efficiency are identified and located on chromosome 4H of H. vulgare and 7E of Agropyron elongatum. Besides, genes accelerating root growth are also identified on chromosome 6E from Agropyron elongatum, 1R and 6R from Secale cereal, 4Ug and 6Mg of Ae. geneculata and 4Sv of Ae. variables. In addition, Genes of high phosphorus uptake efficiency and efficiency are respectively located on the alien chromosome 5S of Ae. speltoides and 4V from H. villosa. These genes can be further introduced into wheat by inducing alien chromosome segment translocation between wheat and wild relatives, being benefit to both wheat improvement and understand of molecular mechanism of the tolerance to the stress of low phosphorus.