Abstract: In order to collect, conserve and know current plant germplasm in dryland region of Shaanxi, landrace crop cultivars and varieties were systematically investigated and collected in 63 villages affiliated to 21 towns and townships of seven counties located in the Weibei Highlands and North Shaanxi, Chanwu, Pucheng, Aansai, Dingbian, Jingbian, Fugu and shengmu. As a result, there were totally 1049 accessions of landrace crop cultivars and varieties collected and analyzed of which 617 accessions were from grain crops and wild plants, 25 accessions were from fruit trees, and 250 accessions were from vegetables, and 157 accessions were from cash crops. All the accessions belonged to 56 species, 44 genera and 19 families, respectively, and among them those belonging to Leguminosae and Gramineae made up the highest proportions. And there were proposals about how to effectively conserve and utilize these accessions suggested depending on the investigation and analyzation results.