Abstract：A set of 290 maize inbred lines with abundant genetic diversity were employed to make an exploration of relationship between kernel test weight and nutritional quality traits, after which, multiple comparison was performed to learn about the difference of kernel test weight among different heterosis groups, and excellent lines were screened from every heterosis group. The results were as followed. Significant difference was found for different lines , in addition, significantly positive correlation was observed between kernel test weight and fat content, while positive correlation was observed between test weight and starch content, conversely, test weight showed significantly negative correlation with moisture content and lysine content and showed negative correlation with protein content. The pass analysis also indicated that direct decision coefficients of fat content, starch content, protein content, lysine content and moisture content on test weight were -0.3376，0.2821，0.1289，-0.0558 and -0.1825. At the significant level of 0.05, there were differences of test weight between P group, LRC, TangSPT and Lancaster. Different heterosis groups had their excellent lines which partly were W222 and ye8112 in Reid, W64a, P167 and ji63 in Lancaster, huangchang b, R136 and shan89 in P group, nongxi5678, Lo415, B100 in LRC, and huangchang a, D33A, xun926 in TangSPT. Key words: Maize; kernel test weight; nutritional quality traits; heterosis group