Mutants are valuable for expanding the genetic diversity of wheat resources, cloning of genes for economically important traits. In this paper, 11 traits of the Chinese wheat landrace Huangfangzhu (HFZ) and its 11 EMS-induced mutants (F2～F12，Mu4), and the Chinese wheat landrace Haiyanzhong (HYZ) and its 12 EMS-induced mutants (Y2～Y13，Mu4) were investigated, and these traits include type 2 resistance to FHB after single floret inoculation method at anthesis, number of tillers per plant, plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) at filling stage, and 1000-grain weight, grain length, grain width, number of spikelets per spike and number of grains per spike after harvest. At least one of 11 traits showed significant differences between the mutants and the wildtypes. Both the wildtypes confer a moderate to high level of resistance to FHB. HFZ-derived mutants F6, F9 and F12 as well as HYZ-derived mutants Y6, Y7 and Y9 showed moderate to high susceptibility to FHB, thus were the ideal lines for understanding type 2 resistance to FHB. HYZ-deirved mutants had lower values than the wildtype in plant height, 1000-grain weight, number of grains per spike and grain width. Dynamic clustering analysis classified the wildtypes and their mutants into 3 distinct groups in both the two populations, which allowed for understanding the potential genetic relationships among the lines. Those mutants such as F2, F7, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y8, Y10 and Y12, which had remarkedly improved agronomic traits but kept similar resistance to FHB to the wild types, could be useful in wheat genetics and breeding.