Abstract: Utilizing the high performance liquid chromatography method to measure the γ- aminobutyric acid content of seed in the 108 rice germplasm resources, and analysed correlation between γ- aminobutyric acid content of seed and grain traits of different germplasm resources, and test the determination of γ- aminobutyric acid content in rice parents、hybrids F1、F2 grains come from a hybrid combination of Gaoliangdao-1/Ningnongheijing with great different content of γ- aminobutyric acid, and analysed the correlation between the content of seed and relative embryo weight、grain traits and coefficient of variation, and estimated the broad heritability for each trait. The results showed that: the variation range was 2.39 mg/100g～12.03 mg/100g of the γ- aminobutyric acid content in 108 germplasm resources, the average content was 6.30?.99 mg/100g, the variation coefficient was 31.59%; the γ- aminobutyric acid content of seed had an extremely significant negative correlativity with grain thickness、1000-grain weight, and had an negative correlativity with grain length、grain width, but the correlation coefficient was not significant; the content in hybrids F1 grains by Gaoliangdao-1 and Ningnongheijing was 8.39?.11 mg/100g; testing a normal distribution of the γ- aminobutyric acid content frequiency in F2 plant grains, the results showed that the γ- aminobutyric acid content in hybrids F2 plant grains tend to skewed normal distribution and appear obvious transgressive phenomenon, and showed that the γ- aminobutyric acid content in rice grains was quantitative trait with controlled by multiple genes; the γ- aminobutyric acid content in hybrids F1 grains had an extremely significant positive correlativity with relative embryo weight, and had an extremely significant negative correlativity with grain thickness、1000-grain weight, and had an significant negative correlativity with grain length,; and analysed the broad heritability of the γ- aminobutyric acid content、grain length、grain width、grain thickness、aspect ratio、1000-grain weight and relative embryo weight, the results showed that the γ- aminobutyric acid content、grain thickness and 1000- grain weight of F2 plant grain had relatively high broad heritability, respectively were 98.12%, 91.99%, 96.37%, and these traits can be selected at an early time in rice breeding.