Yunnan wild rice species have a lot of ecological types. The wild rice species have many good characteristics such as strong resistances to white blight disease, blast, insects, drought, coldness etc. They have many elite genes that rice cultivars do not have or already lost. Therefore wild rice is an excellent genetic germplasm library for rice breeding. However, in recent years, due to the intensive human activities, the important strategic biological resources-wild rice species are facing the danger of extinction. We have tried different approaches to enhance the conservation and protection of Yunnan wild rice resources. These approaches include in-situ conservation (physical isolation, mainstreaming approaches) and ex-situ conservation (genebank, field genebank, DNA bank, cDNA library and BAC library). Each conservation approach has its advantages as well as disadvantages, and has special application purpose . In general, we have preserved the diversity and abundance of Yunnan wild rice resources which would be important gene resources forin future.improving cultivated rice.