General survey and rapid collection of crop germplasm resources were conducted in arid region of Gansu Province, including 10 counties, during 2011-2012. Activities of referring literatures, visiting and field survey to general survey, filling out basic information forms of more than 960 of stress-tolerant crop germplasm resources, were included. The results showed that in the last 25 years, temperature was rising, rainfall was decreasing, the proportion of agricultural output declined, areas of wheat and minor crops sharply dropped, diversity of crop germplasm diversity decreased, drought stress became severer, and resources protection pressure increased. We have to put forward the effective protection and efficient use of agricultural resources in Gansu Province, to provide the basic information and genetic materials for scientific and technological innovation and government decision-making．