In order to understand the evolution of quality character and relationship of rice from Liaoning province, we performed quality character analysis on 257 rice varieties approved by Liaoning Province variety examine and approve committee from1991to 2015, and investigated relationship and application of backbone parent by means of coefficient of parentage and pedigree analysis. The results showed the grain became long and broadened, chalkiness degree decreased, transparence, amylase content and gel consistence reduced of rice varieties from Liaoning province years from 1991 to 2015 with time marching. The similarity and high quality rate of variety quality character improved. Comprehensive performance difference was larger because of the different variation degree in different years. The coefficient of parentage decreased and then increased. The numbers of variety directly bred form each parent presented a kind of increased situation. The 22 backbone parental formed on 257 rice varieties. Utilization of backbone parental had been increasingly concentrated. Toyonihiki, Liaojing5, Liaojing326, Liaojing454, Liaojing294, Liaoxing1 were important quality backbone parental for rice breeding in Liaoning. So we should widen genetic basis in the quality rice breeding process on basis of utilization of backbone parental, optimized the appearance quality, processing quality and others by way of main road for quality selection.