Powdery mildew, which is caused by biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is an important epidemic disease threating the wheat production in Hebei province of China. Identification of disease-resistance genes in the commercially authorized varieties and breeding lines is of great significance for efficient utilization and regional distribution of known resistance sources and effective managing of wheat powdery mildew. In this study, 371 wheat accessions (including 256 commercial varieties from 1956 to 2018 and 115 breeding lines) from Hebei province were tested for resistance to powdery mildew at seedling stage with independent inoculation with two isolates of E09 and E20, as well as marker-assisted classification of eight genetically-mapped Pm genes. The results showed that 6.2% and 11.9% of accessions were tested to be resistant to E09 and E20, respectively, while only 4.9% were resistant to both isolates. Marker-assisted selection showed that resistance genes Pm1c, Pm2, Pm4b, Pm21, Pm24 and Pm35 were found in some accessions, while Pm12 was not detected. Almost half of the accessions were found to carry Pm8. It was shown that resistance carrying accessions of resistant authorized varieties were found to be much higher than that of breeding lines, indicating that genetic germplasm improvement enhancement for powdery mildew resistance is an urgent task at present and should be paid more attention. When using linkage or co-segregation markers for Pm gene detection, by means of the method that the number of materials that the resistant reaction type consistent with result of the marker detection occupies the total number of materials detected by the linkage marker of the gene, finding markers linked to Pm12, Pm21 and Pm35 is highly effective. Taking advantage of the user-friendly markers targeting these resistance genes, marker-assisted selection for resistance-carrying lines can be conducted in advance in contrast to a test for resistance.