Fifty five F1 populations were obtained by crossing 56 fuzzless mutant accessions of Gossypium arboreum (female parents) with G. arboreum ‘Shixiya 1 Hao’ (male parent) for analysis of the dominant and recessive inheritance of fuzzless trait in cotton. Fifteen F2 populations were obtained for further analysis of fuzzless trait inheritance pattern. The results showed that the genetic mechanism of fuzzless trait inheritance was complex, with 37.5% of dominant inheritance and 62.5% of recessive inheritance. The fuzzless trait was controlled by a single dominant gene in acc. ‘GA0149’ and acc. ‘Hengfeng Tiezi’, while a single recessive gene was responsible for the mutation in ‘Changzi 1 Hao’. However, in most of the accessions, the fuzzless trait was controlled by two pairs of genes with dominant and epistatic effects. Particularly, eight accessions carried two dominant epistatic inhibition gene and 4 accessions had a pair of genes with complementary effects responsible for fuzzless trait. The correlation analysis showed that the fuzzless trait was positively correlated with leaf hair but had no relationship observed with lint percentage. In some cross combinations, it was positively correlated with the leaf area but negatively with the gossypol number. The phenotypic traits in Asian cotton populations showed significant genetic diversity. The flower color, leaf shape, presence or absence of petal base spot and the color of stem were significantly different among different accessions.