Under the frame of the Third National Survey and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources, we carried out systematic investigation of vegetable germplasm from 27 selected counties, cities or districts in Jiangxi Province of China. A total of 62 amaranth germplasm accessions were collected, followed by the genetic diversity at five quality-related traits and seven quantitative traits. There were significant genetic diversity at the phenotypic traits present in local amaranth germplasm resource. The leaf type and fresh weight at the quality-related and quantitative traits represented highest values (1.627 and 2.082) on the genetic diversity, respectively. The germplasm accessions were classified into four sub-groups, including sub-group II among which the germplasm resource showed divided leaf, leaf hypertrophy and higher yield per plant. The yield per plant was detected showing significant positive correlation with three traits plant height, leaf mass as well as root and stem weight. Finally, six amaranth varieties with excellent performance (i.e. high yield and short growth period) were identified thus providing valuable resources with commercial interests in breeding for new amaranth varieties.