Rice is one of the most important grain crops in China, and weeds in paddy fields are the main factors affecting the yield and quality of rice. With the increase of planting areas of direct-seeded rice and light and simplified cultivation, the application of various herbicides has become increasingly common, the application rates of the herbicides have gradually increased, and the problems of resistant weeds and high residues in paddy fields have become increasingly serious. Therefore, it is of great significance to accelerate the innovation and utilization of various herbicide-resistant rice germplasms. In this paper, the types and mechanisms of herbicides, the research progress on herbicide-resistant rice germplasm innovation and application in China are reviewed, with existing problems and possible development direction discussed.