Dwarfing is an important agronomic trait in crops, which can reduce lodging, enhance stress resistance and increase yield. Brassinosteroid is an important new plant hormone that regulates plant height during plant growth and development. Mutations that cause a decrease in Brassinosteroid level or impair Brassinosteroid signaling will produce a dwarf phenotype. This article focuses on the mutated genes that induce the dwarf phenotype in each pathway. The discovery of these genes has expanded the germplasm and genetic basis of dwarf crop breeding, and provides a theoretical basis for the creation of dwarf germplasm resources and rapid breeding of new dwarf varieties.