In order to understand the natural distribution of Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt in Guangdong province and provide basis for the wild rice protection in China，the field survey of O. officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt was carried out in years of 2006，and 2012 to 2018. There were 21 distribution sites of O. officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt in 17 towns in 8 counties （cities） in Guangdong province，of which three sites were not reported in the past. Notably，47.6% of the distribution sites were less than 67 m2 or represented by only a few clusters or even one cluster，38.1% were between 67 m2 and 666 m2，and 14.3% were over 2000 m2 . The historical record indicated 79 distribution sites of O. officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt in 35 towns in 11 counties （cities） in Guangdong province. However，O. officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt was found in only 18 out of 47 distribution sites that had been surveyed in this study，suggesting the loss rate of distribution sites of 61.7%. Loss of O. officinalis Wall. ex G.Watt was found due to the construction of cities and towns，the cultivation of fruit trees and economic forests， the use of herbicides，and the rapid growth of cereal weeds，etc.. Moreover，94 accessions from 21 sites were collected and tested upon biotic stress treatments. The first results suggested 10 accessions showing resistance to brown planthopper and 11 accessions showing medium resistance to bacterial blight. These accessions were conserved ex situ at national field Genebank for wild rice （Guangzhou，Guangdong） and the national Genebank of China.