Eleven agronomic traits and 2 quality traits in 303 soybean germplasm resources collected from Huang-Huai-Hai region were studied by using variation coefficient and Shannon-Weaver Information index. Principal component analysis，correlation and regression analysis were used to evaluate the soybean germplasm resources and select important characteristics，which provides reference for soybean germplasm resources innovation and breeding in Huang-Huai-Hai Region. The results showed that variation coefficients of 13 descriptive traits ranged from 5.52% to 27.61%，and growth duration，seed number per pod，protein content，and fat content remained relatively stable，while large variations were found in plant height，seed number per plant， pod number per plant，seed weight per plant，and 100-seed weight. Meanwhile，Shannon-Weaver Information index of the above traits ranged from 1.9906 to 2.0956. Cluster analysis divided the 303 soybean germplasm resources into 7 Groups. Group V，which had excellent overall traits，was suitable for use as breeding materials in Huang-Huai-Hai Region. The cumulative contribution of the top 4 principal factors reached 75.051% in principal factors analysis. The first principal factor was related to pod number per plant and seed number per plant，the second principal factor was related to protein content and fat content，the third principal factor was related to seed size，the fourth principal factor was related to single plant yield. The average F value from the evaluation of phenotypic traits of 303 soybean germplasm resources was 0.549. Lianshui Tianedan（ZDD04189）had the highest F value（0.935），and Jinpin 42（ZDD23089）the lowest F value（0.207）. Five phenotypic traits：growth duration，plant height，seed number per plant，seed weight per plant，and protein content，were selected as an evaluation index of phenotypic traits of soybean germplasm resources in Huang-Huai-Hai region by stepwise regression analysis.