158 germplasm accessions of Cymbidium goeringii （Rchb. f.） Rchb. f. from different regions were used to analyze the diversity of 20 phenotypic traits，followed by the analysis of variance，coefficient of variation analysis，Shannon-wienter index analysis，principal component analysis，cluster analysis and correlation analysis. Abundant variations on 20 phenotypic traits were observed in Cymbidium goeringii（Rchb. f.） Rchb. f. population. The coefficient of variation on the scape height and the side petal width was the largest （36.96%）. The diversity index of leaf length and leaf width was the highest （both 7.28）. The coefficient of variation on the petal type （66.32%） was the highest，followed by that of petal color （60.47%）. The diversity index of arch edge outside petal was the highest （7.28）. The principal component analysis showed that three traits including the red spot on lip，the bract tendon color，and scape color were the main factors that largely contributed to the phenotypic variation. By applying with the comprehensive score （F value），ten varieties were identified （Tian peng mu dan，Xiao fei yan，Bi yao，Du zi，Xin chun mei，Wan nian mei，Xian he，Tian xing mei，Zi jin mei and Huan qiu he ding）. These germplasm resources were divided into three groups by systematic clustering anlysis. Of them，Group-Ⅰ was medium plant type，colored flower and circle petal material，group-Ⅱ was tall plant type and pure color material，and group-Ⅲ was dwarf plant type，long leaf，colored flower and rolled petalmaterial.Altogether，this study provided insights on deciphering the phenotypic diversity of Cymbidium Sw. germplasm resources，valuable as a theoretical basis in breeding of orchid varieties.