Black spot (Alternaria sesami) and capsule rot (Alternaria alternata) of sesame, as one of the most important diseases, seriously cause the reduction of yield and quality in sesame. The identification and evaluation of sesame germplasm resistant against both diseases were carried out by artificial inoculation in the field, in order to provide elite parent resources for disease resistance breeding and guidance for disease control. In 2020 and 2021, the 84 sesame germplasm resources were evaluated for resistance to both diseases. 15 accessions were resistant to black spot (R; 17.86% of tested resources), and 29 accessions were moderate resistant (MR; 34.52%). 30 accessions were susceptible (S; 35.71%), and 10 accessions were highly susceptible (HS; 11.90%). No accession showing immune and highly resistance (HR) was identified. For capsule rot, there were seven accessions showing highly resistance (HR; 8.33%), 25 showing resistant (R; 29.76%), 26 showing moderately resistant (MR; 30.95%), 22 showing susceptible (S; 26.19%), as well as four resources showing high susceptibility (HS; 4.76%). Six accessions, such as Hunan sesame, 97-6, Liaozhi 9, Liaopinzhi 2,Ganzhi 11, Jizhi 1, were resistant to both diseases. The number of resistant resources to capsular rot was significantly more than the number of accessions showing black spot resistance.