Wheat grain， with rich nutrition and various end-uses in markets， provides diets in over one-third of the global human population. However， with the increasing influence of biological and abiotic stresses， such as threats of diseases and pests， environmental damages of drought， high temperature and salinization， the sustainability of global wheat production is under increasing threats. In order to ensure the global food security supply and demands for high quality products， the desirable increases on wheat production and quality require to the constantly developing of new breeding methods and germplasm resources used for wheat breeding. In the past decade， significant progress on plant biotechnologies such as transgenic study and genome editing has been achieved， and gradually applied in wheat genetic improvement. To date， the efficient systems for wheat genetic transformation and genome editing have been established， in which the transformation efficiency for the model genotypes mediated by Agrobacterium is higher than 50% and the editing efficiencies of some target genes via CRISPR/Cas9 reach to 40%-70%. The genotype independency in wheat transformation and genome editing has been overcome almost. Some of wheat traits including disease resistance， stress tolerance， quality feature， yield potential， and growth and development regulation have been modified by using transgenic and gene editing methodologies； many new wheat genetic stocks showing disease resistances to powdery mildew， rusts， scab and yellow mosaic virus， tolerances to pre-harvest sprouting， drought and salt， low gliadin content， high gluten content， male sterility and haploid induction ability were created by the requirement of wheat improvement. This review aims to summarize the latest research progresses on transgene and genome editing in wheat， and to explore the current problems and possible solutions.