Fifty-six color-grained wheat varieties， which were released from different provinces in China in the past 25 years， were investigated in this study. The variation coefficient， principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied to evaluate their five agronomic and three quality traits， which would provide reference for germplasm resources innovation and new varieties breeding in China. The results showed that the variation coefficient in the growth period， plant height， kernels per spike， 1000-grain weight and grain yield ranged from 8.11% to 21.82%， especially for the yield and growth period both with a higher variation coefficient. The variation coefficient of three quality traits protein content， bulk density and wet gluten content ranged from 3.44% to 15.06%， among which the bulk density was stable and the variation of protein and wet gluten content was abundant. Most of the varieties released by Shanxi Province， Anhui Province and Beijing showed good quality， and wheat varieties from Shandong Province showed better yield performance. There were no significant differences in traits among different color-grained wheat. The correlation analysis showed that the growth period negetively correlated with the plant height. The 1000-grain weight was observed to be positively correlated with the kernels per spike. The protein content positively correlated with the wet gluten content and growth period. The principal component analysis simplified the six traits into three principal components， with a cumulative contribution rate of 67.55%. The first principal component was associated with the bulk density， the second principal component was associated with the yield， and the third principal component was associated with the protein and wet gluten content. Cluster analysis suggested the 56 color-grained wheat resources into four groups at a distance of 12.5， among which the first group had better comprehensive traits. The varieties Shannong Lanmai 1 had the highest F value （1.02）， and Liuzi Heimai 1 had the second highest F value （0.99）. According to the trend of color-grained wheat variety traits， the growth period and yield attended to be increased within years， while the plant height and protein content attended to be decreased. Collectively， in breeding for color-grained wheat varieties the yield performance was the major target， and future improvement on the quality traits， especially the protein content would become of interest.