By taking the opportunity of the Third National General Survey and Collection Action of Crop Germplasm Resources， rice landraces were investigated and collected from different counties and cities in Jiangxi province， P. R. China. From 2017 to 2019， 321 rice landraces were collected to identify the morphological characteristics， main agronomic traits， yield and quality traits in the field. Based on the collection sites， they were collected from 11 cities， with enrichments at six cities including Jiujiang， Shangrao， Yichun， Fuzhou， Jian and Ganzhou. These regions have more mountainous and impoverished with traffic inconvenience， in which farmers have the tradition to proceed food with rice landraces. There are two subspecies of Xian and Geng， mainly Xian， which can be divided into early rice， medium rice and late rice based on the maturity. The sticky rice and glutinous rice account for 38.0% and 62.0%. There have 35 red rice and purple black rice germplasm resources. These results showed that rice landraces germplasm resources with good genetic diversity in Jiangxi province， most of which are yellow， no or short awn， suitable panicle， moderate blade and stem angle， lodging resistance， and suitable seed holding. Fifteen elite germplasm resources with feasible head date， large panicle， high seed setting rate and big thousand grain weight， as well as 12 elite glutinous rice and colored rice were selected. Collectively， this study reported a resource of rice landraces which has great potential in breeding of new rice varieties.