In order to improve the utilization efficiency of naked barley germplasm resources in China， 398 accessions of naked barley from different regions were used to analyze the phenotypic diversity at 18 traits， followed by the analysis of coefficient of variation analysis， diversity index analysis， correlation analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results revealed abundant variations among phenotypic traits in different resources. The diversity index of the nine quality traits was 0.66 to 2.06， with an average value of 1.42， and the highest value in plant height， kernels per spike and the smallest value in kernel rows. The traits had 4.71% （kernel color） to 61.03% （heading date） of the coefficient of variation， with an average value of 26.59%. The correlation analysis of nine quantitative traits indicated that spikes per plant， spike length， kernels per spike， thousand kernels weight and setting rate could be deployed as the main target traits for high yield naked barley varieties breeding in the future. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the five principal component factors was 64.297%. Among them， heading date， plant height， row type and thousand kernels weight were the main factors contributing to the phenotypic differences of naked barley. Combined with the membership function analysis， the comprehensive scores （F value） were calculated. Jiangsuyuanmai No. 33， VII-131， Yumimai， Jiangsu yuan mai No. 58， Jianhutuanliulengzi， Daimaoyuanmai， Jiangsuyuanmai No. 65， Jiangsuyuanmai No. 23， Jiangsuyuanmai No. 20 and Jiangsuyuanmai No. 22 had the highest scores. These materials were divided into four groups by systematic clustering analysis and the clustering results were not strongly correlated with geographic location. These results could provide an important reference for the utilization of naked barley accessions and variety breeding.