The genus Hordeum belongs to the Triticeae tribe of the Poaceae family. The Hordeum species are distributed in wide geographical regions showing diversified local climates， making them as important adapted germplasm resources facing climatic changes. However， the morphological similarity among Hordeum species often complicated their classification on efficiency and accuracy in the survey and germplasm collection. The construction of the retrieving key of Hordeum species and a unique electronic ‘identity card’ for each species will provide an reference for species classification and rapid identification of Hordeum species， valuable in the survey， collection， evaluation and utilization of Hordeum germplasm resources. In this study， 38 accessions of 32 Hordeum species were grown under greenhouse conditions in 2020 and 2021， in order to investigate 45 qualitative and 15 quantitative traits. Based on photographing important phenotypes such as whole plant， spike， and triple spikelets， as well as analyzing the subtle differences， each Hordeum species was classified. As a result， a taxonomic key table for the Hordeum species and the electronic identity card for each species were achieved.