In order to uncover elite local germplasm resources and improve the efficiency of maize breeding in Guangxi of China， 169 maize landraces from Guangxi were genotyped using 10K SNPs in the present study， followed by their genetic diversities and population structure analysis. The results showed that the average genetic diversity and polymorphic information content （PIC） of 5877 screened SNP markers were 0.37 and 0.30， respectively， exhibiting relatively higher diversity in maize landraces from Guangxi. The landraces from Northeastern Guangxi exhibited the highest diversity level （gene diversity=0.39， observed heterozygosity=0.27， minimum allele frequency=0.30， PIC=0.31）. Gained from the population structure and principal component analysis， 169 landraces were divided into two major populations. The genetic relationship and structured assignment among populations were not observed correlating with their geographical originations. Besides， all landraces exhibited relatively higher heterozygosity but relatively lower genetic similarity coefficients. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） showed that 2% of genetic variation was contributed by inter-population diversity， while 98% was contributed by intra-population diversity. The genetic differentiation coefficient （F_ST） between populations was 0.049， indicating a relatively low level of genetic differentiation among populations. In summary， the present study uncovered the polymorphism and genetic relationship of maize landraces from different geographical regions of Guangxi， providing a theoretical reference for the improvement of maize germplasm and practical guidance of new variety development in these regions.