The beany flavor and potential allergenicity of soybean caused by Lox and 7S globulin limit human consumption. Breeding for soybean varieties with Lox and 7S globulin deficiency or high 11S/7S ratio is， therefore， of interest to improve the nutritional value and process different soybean products. In this study， the protein subunit composition of 2713 soybean germplasms was determined by the optimized soybean protein SDS-PAGE extraction method. The soybean germplasm resources with different protein subunit composition types were excavated， and the genetic and environmental factors affecting the protein subunit content were analyzed. The results identified a significant negative correlation between 7S globulin and 11S globulin. The 11S/7S ratio of local varieties was higher than that of modern varieties. A significant difference on the content and ratio of 7S and 11S globulin were observed in samples harvested from years. There was no significant correlation between 7S and 11S globulin and their subunits and protein and oil content. A total of 15 soybean germplasm resources with specific composition of soybean protein subunits were screened， including four showing 11S/7S ratio greater than 3.0 without subunit structural variation， five with Lox deletion， one with α' subunit deletion， two with α subunit deletion， one with β subunit deletion， one with 11S/7S ratio greater than 3.0 and Lox deletion， and one with complete deletion of 7S subunit. The identification of these germplasms laid a material foundation in breeding of high-quality soybean varieties applicable for different soybean products.