Agricultural germplasm resources mainly include crops， livestock and poultry， agricultural microorganisms and medicinal plants. There are 134，000 crop germplasm resources preserved in China， among which 74，000 are rice germplasm resources. How to accurately evaluate and utilize such huge rice germplasm resources is of great significance in rice germplasm innovation and breeding. In this paper， we reviewed the progress in collection， evaluation and accurate identification of rice germplasm resources， creation of new strains of rice， utilization of heterosis of rice， new techniques and methods of rice germplasm creation， and exploration and utilization of excellent genetic resources of rice， and summarized a new model of rice germplasm resource creation and utilization. Finally， this article discussed the current problems of rice core germplasm construction， germplasm resources identification and mining， and germplasm resources sharing and win-win mechanism. At the same time， we analyzed and prospeced how to strengthen the construction of specialized core seed resources， the accurate identification of germplasm resources， the innovative research of germplasm resources， the sharing mechanism of germplasm resources and the cooperation and exchange of germplasm resources， in order to provide some reference and help for further development of the identification， evaluation and innovative utilization of rice germplasm resources.