Soybean serves as an essential food and oil crop， and plays a crucial role in people's livelihoods. However， in recent years， domestic soybean supply has been insufficient， and there is a high dependency on imports. This situation has seriously impacted the domestic soybean market and brought some hidden dangers to the national food security. Hence， enhancing yield and improving seed quality are major goals in current soybean breeding programs in China. At present， a number of key genes controlling important traits in soybean have been cloned and analyzed， which provides important theoretical support for molecular design breeding. The traditional breeding is time-consuming and low efficiency. Gene editing technology provides a new way and tool for biological breeding， which can accelerate the breeding process. Gene editing technologies， represented by CRISPR/Cas9， have rapidly developed into important tools for studying soybean gene functions， genetic modifications， and improving agronomic traits. This article provides an overview of gene editing technology types， features， and their utilization in plants. It also reviews the latest research progress of gene editing technology in enhancing agronomic traits related to soybean yield， quality， stress resistance， disease resistance， flowering time， symbiotic nitrogen fixation， fertility and other traits， providing a theoretical basis and reference for soybean gene editing breeding. Furthermore， this paper also discusses the challenges of gene editing technology in soybean genetic improvement and presents its promising future applications.