The germplasm resources serve as the fundamental foundation for the original innovation of agricultural science and technology， as well as the advancement of the modern seed industry.Screening excellent germplasm provides a material basis for cultivating excellent cotton varieties. In this study， 13 phenotypic traits of 230 cotton germplasm resources were analyzed using genetic diversity， correlation， principal component and clustering methods. The results show that the variation coefficient of 13 characters between 0.90%-22.43%， the variation coefficient of uniformity index minimum， the maximum variation coefficient of boll number per. The genetic diversity index of each phenotypic trait ranged from 1.92-2.07. The genetic diversity index of micronucleus value was the highest， and the genetic diversity index of boll number per plant was the lowest.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the six principal components reached 74.413%. The first principal component， the fifth principal component and the sixth principal component could be combined into fiber quality factor， the second principal component and the third principal component could be combined into cotton yield factor， and the fourth principal component was plant trait factor.Cluster analysis divided 230 cotton germplasm materials into three categories， including group Ⅱ is yield and fiber quality traits comprehensive performance better. Finally the evaluation on the basis of comprehensive D value， preliminary screening of 29 performance better cotton varieties， can according to the breeding goals in breeding work carries on the corresponding improvement.