In this study， eight Rosa plants showing different flower colors were subjected for phenotypic observation using the CIELab color measurement system. The anthocyanins were qualified using the high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS） techniques， and examined for the relationship with the flower colors. The results showed that eight anthocyanins components were first detected， including Cyanidin-3-（caffeoyl）-glucoside （Cy3CafG）， Cyanidin-3-O-galactopyranoside （Cy3Gal）， Peonidin-3-（caffeoyl）-glucoside （Pn3CafG）， Cyanidin-3-（cis-caffeoyl）-dimethyl-glucoside （Cy3（cisCaf）DmG）， Cyanidin-3-（trans-caffeoyl）-dimethyl-glucoside （Cy3（transCaf）DmG）， Cyanidin-3-dimethyl-glucoside （Cy3DmG）， Peonidin-3-（cis-caffeoyl）-rutinoside （Pn3（cisCaf）Ru）， Peonidin-3-（trans-caffeoyl）-rutinoside （Pn3（transCaf）Ru）. The anthocyanin glycosides include galactosylation， methylation modification， and caffeioylation modification， all of which have been reported for the first time in Rosa plants. The correlation analysis between anthocyanins and CIELab parameters showed that Cy3CafG and Cy3（cisCaf）DmG were positively correlated with petal redness （a^*）. Cy3Gal and Cy3（transCaf）DmG were significantly positively correlated with petal yellowness （b^*） and luminance （L^*）. This study provides a theoretical reference for the precise identification of anthocyanins in Rosa plants and the study of the mechanism of flower color formation， and provides a methodological basis for molecular breeding of Rosa plants.