As an important woody spice resource in the world and medicinal edible plant in China， oil-bearing Rose has a long history in cultivation and industrial application. Rose essential oil extracted from rose petals are widely used as supplementary in the chemical， pharmaceutical， and food processing fields. Its yield and quality rely on various factors， such as varieties， cultivation area， cultivation condition， extraction methods. The Rosa genus plant resources are abundant in China， but the deep processing technology of rose essential oil lagged behind. There is a need of summary on the characteristics of domestic oil-bearing roses and the current application status of rose essential oil. This study summarized the cultivation types and current situation of oil-bearing roses， the extraction technology of rose essential oils， relevant industry standards， chemical composition， and pharmacological effects. We also proposed recommendations on exploration and utilization of oil rose resources， establishment and optimization of extraction methodologies， improvement of relevant standards， expansion of production application field， and establishment of bioactivity research system. We aim to provide reference for the future development of China's rose industry and provide theoretical guidance for the innovative utilization of Rosa genus plant resources in China.