To address the breeding needs of peanuts for higher yield and resistance to late leaf spot disease, 120 peanut germplasm resources were selected from the germplasm bank of Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences for identification and evaluation. A phenotypic survey was conducted on 16 traits, and descriptive statistical results showed that the coefficients of variation of traits ranged from 7.40% to 47.65%. The variation coefficient of branch number, full pod number per plant, pod number per plant and yield per plant is larger, while the variation coefficient of the related traits of pod size and grain size is smaller. Correlation analysis indicated a negative correlation between pod number and fruit weight, as well as between late leaf spot grade and lateral branch length and branch number. Principal component analysis categorized 16 traits into five principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.013%. The germplasm was divided into four groups by cluster analysis, the large pod group Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and the small and medium pod group Ⅲ and Ⅳ. A comprehensive score is constructed based on the contribution weights of five principal components, the top 10 germplasm resources with the highest comprehensive scores were selected, including ICGV88938 , which exihibited high yield and resistance to late leaf spot disease, four germplasm resources resistant to late spot disease were screened in a natural disease nursery. This study identified and evaluated 16 agronomic traits across 120 germplasm resources, thus providing valuable breeding materials and a theoretical foundation for future peanut variety improvement.