Iron is one of the essential trace elements in the life process of plant cells， which is involved in respiration， chlorophyll biosynthesis， photosynthesis and other life processes. The soil contains a large amount of iron， but the use of available iron is limited， which leads to iron deficiency in plants. Iron deficiency in plants is directly related to their growth and development， pollen viability and quality formation， resulting in yield loss. An important measure to solve this problem is to improve the absorption and efficient utilization of iron in soybeans. Therefore， mastering the law of soybean iron absorption and utilization and clarifying the molecular genetic mechanism behind it are important prerequisites for achieving efficient utilization of iron in soybean. The high efficiency of iron nutrition is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Research and cultivation of “high-iron soybean” based on its related functional genes is one of the future hotspots. In addition， iron deficiency chlorosis in soybeans can be effectively improved through cycle selection and targeted selection. Based on this， this study focuses on the role， absorption， distribution， and transportation of iron in soybean， as well as the toxic phenomena caused by excess. It also discusses the involvement of iron in soybean nitrogen fixation， and the effects of iron deficiency and high iron on soybean growth and development. The progress and important scientific problems of iron absorption， transport mechanism and molecular regulation mechanism in soybean at home and abroad are reviewed in order to provide theoretical information for the efficient utilization of iron nutrition in soybean.