Monilinia fructicola is the dominant species causing peach brown rot in China. It mainly damages the fruits at the maturity. The fruits near the maturity and during the storage were the most seriously damaged, which can cause a large number of rotten fruits and fruit drops. Infected fruits can not only infect each other in the orchard but also continue to infect diseases during storage and transportation, causing significant losses in yield. So, it is of great significance to screen peach brown rot resistant resources and provide parents with excellent resistance for breeding resistant germplasm. In 2022-2023, peach fruits with a maturity of 8.0-8.5 were collected from Zhengzhou Peach Orchard in the National Horticultural Germplasm Resource Center for artificial inoculation and screening. There were 150 non-destructive inoculated fruit germplasm collections and 37 destructive inoculated fruit germplasm collections. To evaluate the percentage growth of infected fruits per day (PGIF, %) of non-destructively inoculated fruits and lesion diameter growth rate (LDGR, cm·d-1) of destructively inoculated fruits. A 9-grade resistance evaluation system was established with the average value and 0.5 standard deviations. The resistance of different germplasm, flesh texture, fruit types, and origin were compared, and the correlation between resistance indexes and other fruit characters was analyzed. PGIF by non-destructive inoculation was (7.68±5.35)%, and the CV value was 3.73. Based on this standard, a 9-grade resistance evaluation system was established. Grade 1: ≥0, <0.98, including 11 accessions resistant to fruit brown rot. Grade 2: ≥0.98, <3.66, including 34 accessions. Grade 3: ≥3.66, <6.34, including 28 accessions. Grade 4: ≥6.34, <9.02, including 21 accessions. Grade 5: ≥9.02, <11.70, including 20 accessions. Grade 6: ≥11.70, <14.38, including 14 accessions. Grade 7: ≥14.38, <17.06, including 16 accessions. Grade 8: ≥17.06, <19.74, including 4 accessions, and Grade 9: ≥19.74, including only 2 accessions. LDGR was (0.82±0.26) cm·d-1, and the CV value was 0.09. Based on this standard, a 9-grade evaluation system was established. Grade 1: ≥0, <0.36, including 1 accession with strong resistance. Grade 2: ≥0.36, <0.49, including 3 accessions. Grade 3: ≥0.49, <0.62, including 5 accessions. Grade 4: ≥0.62, <0.75, including 5 accessions. Grade 5: ≥0.75, <0.89, including 7 accessions. Grade 6: ≥0.89, <1.02, including 8 accessions. Grade 7: ≥1.02, <1.15, including 5 accessions. Grade 8: ≥1.15, <1.28, including 2 accessions, and Grade 9: ≥1.28, including only 1 accession. The regression relationship between PGIF (Y) and LDGR (X) was y=3.09+7.91x(R2=0.130), and the lower R2 value indicates that the two resistance evaluation indexes have a nonlinear regression relationship. The comparative results of peach brown rot resistance were grouped according to germplasm, flesh texture, fruit types, and origin, were as follows. It was found that, under the condition of non-destructive inoculation, landraces were more resistant to brown rot than cultivars, flat peach and peaches were more resistant to brown rot than nectarine and flat nectarine, and none-melting peach are more resistant to brown rot than hard-melting and soft-melting peach accessions. The LDGR was negatively correlated with fruit acidity (r=-0.43, p<0.05), and the PGIF was negatively correlated with fruit hardness (r=-0.36, p<0.05). A 9-level evaluation system for brown rot resistance was established, and 11 accessions resistant to the fungus invasion and 1 accession resistant to the fungus expansion were screened out by non-destructive and destructive inoculation methods, respectively.