Blueberries are renowned worldwide for their unique nutritional and health benefits. Currently, blueberries are extensively cultivated globally, including in major regions such as North America, South America, Europe, North Africa and the Mediterranean. However, as cultivation time extends, blueberry varieties in different countries and regions are facing challenges such as insufficient stress resistance, poor adaptability, and mismatched chilling requirements. These issues partly stem from excessive inbreeding, leading to narrow genetic diversity and inbreeding depression, which restrict the production of high-quality fresh blueberries and the expansion of cultivation areas. Consequently, countries have initiated hybrid breeding programs of a certain scale based on their local climate and market demands. Nevertheless, current blueberry breeding methods remain confined to traditional hybridization techniques, which are time-consuming, resource-intensive, and lack the application of modern biotechnological breeding approaches. This article aims to introduce the countries and their varietal development processes involved in global blueberry breeding, while summarizing and analyzing the breeding trends of six major types of blueberries. Furthermore, it discusses the modern biotechnological approaches applied in current global blueberry breeding and outlines future breeding goals. It is hoped that these insights will provide a theoretical basis for blueberry breeding efforts in our country.