Comparative study of 60 Carya hunanensis germplasm resources of fruit economic traits, screening to obtain a comprehensive performance of excellent Carya hunanensis germplasm, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of good varieties of Carya hunanensis and the comprehensive use of the theoretical basis for your research. Taking the fruits of Carya hunanensis superior trees screened in the core distribution area of Carya hunanensis as the research object, the genetic variation, type classification and comprehensive evaluation of economic variation traits of Carya hunanensis fruits were carried out through the methods of variance analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and so on. The results showed that the economic traits of Carya hunanensis fruit were rich in variation, and the mean values of the coefficients of variation of 20 fruit economic traits ranged from 5.42% to 35.06%, among which linoleic acid, linolenic acid, thickness of green skin and dry kernel weight had greater degrees of variation.Cluster analysis showed that Hunan hickory was divided into three classes, group Ⅰ fruit maturity period for early to late September, the fruit was flat round, fruit smaller, seed kernel oil content is higher, higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content; group Ⅱ fruit maturity period for the second half of August to mid-September, the fruit was round, the fruit is larger but the seed shell and the green skin is thicker, the content of mono-unsaturated fatty acid is higher; group Ⅲ fruit maturity period for late August to mid-September, fruit was broad oval, seed shell is thinner, dry seed kernel yield rate is high. The ripening period of Class III fruits is from late August to mid-September, the fruits are broadly ovoid, the seed shells are thinner, and the kernel yield of dry seeds is high.The cumulative contribution of the first six principal components of the principal component analysis reached 87.85%, and the score of the comprehensive evaluation of fruit economic traits (F) ranged from -0.72 to 1.19, among which No. 8, No. 10, No. 6, No. 7, and No. 9 superior trees ranked at the top, with excellent comprehensive traits.