60 Carya hunanensis germplasm resources were selected from the core distribution area of Carya hunanensis as the research object to determine their fruit economic traits， and the germplasm with excellent comprehensive performance was obtained by genetic variation， type division and comprehensive evaluation and screening of the economic traits of Carya hunanensis fruit by variation analysis， cluster analysis and principal component analysis， in order to provide a theoretical foundation for cultivar selection and utilization of Carya hunanensis germplasm resources.The results revealed substantial variation in fruit economic traits， with coefficients of variation ranging from 5.42% to 35.05% across 20 fruit economic traits. Notably， linoleic acid， linolenic acid， thickness of green skin and dry kernel weight exhibited particularly high variability. Cluster analysis delineated three distinct groups： group I， characterized by early to late September maturation， displayed flattened round fruits with smaller size but highest kernel oil content and elecated polyunsaturated fatty acid levels； group II， maturing from mid-August to mid-September， produced larger， round fruits with thicker shells and green skin， along with highest monounsaturated fatty acid content； group III， with a maturation period for late August to mid-September， featured broadly oval fruits with thinner shell and superior dry kernel yield. Principal component analysis identified six major components accounting for 87.85% of cumulative variance. The comprehensive evaluation scores （F） for fruit economic traits ranged from -0.72 to 1.19， with superior trees numbered No. 8， No. 15， No. 6， No. 7， and No. 9. Individual trait analysis revealed outstanding specimens， including No. 31 with the heaviest green fruit， No. 46 with the thinnest green peel， No. 6 with the highest kernel oil content， No. 16 with maximal oleic acid content， and No. 11 with the highest linolenic acid content.