Baoshan City， which is located in the center of the global origin of tea plants， is renowned for its exceptionally rich ancient tea plant resources. It also serves as a core production area of Pu'er tea and Yunnan black tea. Research on the phenotypic and biochemical component diversity of ancient tea plants in this area is of great significance for the exploitation and utilization of high-quality tea plant germplasm resources， integration and protection， core collection construction and breeding of new varieties. In this study， we analyzed the diversity level of 50 morphology and chemical components of 73 representative ancient tea tree resources from Baoshan using coefficient of variation， genetic diversity index （H'）， difference analysis， correlation analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the diversity index （H'） of 23 quality traits ranged from 4.135 to 4.277， with an average H' of 4.234. For 27 quantitative traits， H' ranged from 3.545 to 4.287， with an average value of 4.187. the coefficient of variation ranged from 7.88% to 153.13%， indicating extremely rich genetic variation for most traits. Correlation analysis of 27 quantitative traits showed that some traits showed significant or extremely significant correlation. Principal components analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of six principal components was 68.419%， with biochemical components， leaf traits， and flower traits being the main factors to tea plant variation. Comparative analysis of 21 quantitative traits with differences among different regions indicated significant differences in leaf traits， flower traits and biochemical components among ancient tea plants. Clustering analysis revealed that 73 ancient tea plant resources were divided into five clusters based on 27 quantitative traits. Specifically， Class I， Class II and Class IV were suitable for green tea production， while Class III and Class V were suitable for black tea and green tea co-production. Screening for 73 accession representative ancient tea germplasm resources identified 36 special accessions. Among them， six accessions were selected as high tea polyphenol germplasm resources （≥25%）， 29 accessions were selected as high amino acid germplasm resources （≥5%）， and one accession was selected as lower caffeine germplasm resource （≤1.5%）. This study provides basic germplasm resource information and a scientific basis for the effective development and utilization of ancient tea plant resources in Baoshan city， China.