Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is a characteristic crop in Shanxi Province. Exploring the impact of ecological conditions in different planting areas on the phenotype and quality of green bean germplasm resources is of great significance for optimizing planting strategies, improving green bean yield and nutritional quality. The comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits and nutritional quality of 10 mung bean germplasm from Yuci, Huairen, and Linfen in this study showed that the average number of pods per plant in Huairen area (30.87) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Yuci (24.07) and Linfen (20.70), while the plant height in Linfen area (66.14 cm) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Yuci (47.46 cm) and Huairen (42.36 cm). In terms of quality, the average protein content in Linfen area is the highest (26.80%), significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Huairen (23.82%) and Yuci (23.19%). The starch (47.35%), fat (2.49%), total polyphenols (3.30 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (2.34 mg RE/g), DPPH (55.55 μmol/L·Trolox/g), and ABTS free radical scavenging ability (28.75 μmol/L·Trolox/g) in Yuci area were significantly better than those in Huairen area (p<0.05) and Linfen area (p<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis found that the height, fat, total flavonoids, total polyphenols, vitexin, and isovitexin content of mung beans are closely related to the climatic conditions of the production area. The relatively low temperature in Huairen area can promote the accumulation of total flavonoids in mung beans; The higher relative humidity in Yuci area may inhibit fat synthesis; The research results can provide guidance for the quality breeding of mung beans, as well as important theoretical support for the cultivation and production of high-quality mung beans.