China is one of the main distribution areas of the genus Fragaria with typical and unique wild germplasm resources. The utilization of these genetic resources will play an important role in germplasm innovation and industry development in strawberry. To figure out the taxonomy and distribution patten of the wild strawberry species in China, we conducted the investigation and collection research over a period of 8 years, from 2016 to 2023. A total of 172 wild strawberry accessions were collected from 26 counties of 10 provinces including Yunnan, Hubei and Heilongjiang etc. According to their biological characteristics, the 172 accessions were classified into 8 species: F. pentaphylla (60 accessions), F. nilgerrensis (42 accessions), F. moupinensis (29 accessions), F. vesca (8 accessions), F. orientalis (5 accessions), F. mandschurica (15 accessions), F. chinensis (10 accessions), and F. corymbosa (3 accessions). The overall distribution could be divided into four major regions, the western China mainly distributed four wild species including F. pentaphylla, F. nilgerrensis, F. moupinensis and F. chinensis; the central China mainly distributed F. nilgerrensis and F. chinensis; the northern China distributed F. corymbosa; and the northeastern China mainly distributed three species such as F. vesca, F. orientalis and F. mandschurica. Also some specific wild resources were identified in our investigation, like F. pentaphylla with pink fruits; F. nilgerrensis with aromatic fruits; and F. orientalis with good flavor fruits; etc. These findings given us a more impressive understanding of the wild strawberry germplasm resources, and provided valuable references for the conservation, utilization and scientific research of the resources.