In this study, genetic diversity analysis and the construction of a molecular fingerprinting map were performed for 22 vegetable soybean varieties approved in Fujian Province from 2003 to 2022, basing on 26 phenotypic traits and 43 pairs of SSR molecular markers. The results revealed there exhibited 16 types of variations in the seven qualitative traits among the 22 vegetable soybean varieties, with an average diversity index (H") of 0.494. The variation coefficients of the sixteen quantitative traits ranged from 3.44% to 50.6%, with an average H" of 1.9340, indicating rich phenotypic genetic diversity. A total of 204 loci were detected with 43 pairs of SSR molecular markers, exhibiting an average polymorphism rate of 88.72%. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) varied from 0 to 0.3729, with an average of 0.2089. The Satt514 maker demonstrated the highest PIC value of 0.3729. The average number of alleles (Na) and effective number of alleles (Ne) were 1.8103 and 1.4374, respectively. The average Nei"s gene diversity index (H") was 0.2623, and the average Shannon"s polymorphism information index (I) was 0.4016. The genetic similarity coefficient among the 22 varieties ranged from 0.4923 to 1.0000, with an average of 0.7073. The highest genetic similarity coefficient was observed between Huxuan 23-9 and Maodou 389 at 1, whereas the lowest coefficient was found between Xinghuadou 618 and Mindou No.10 at 0.4923. Cluster analysis showed that the 22 vegetable soybean cultivars were classified into three groups based on phenotypic characters and molecular markers. Mindou No.1 was classified into a separate group using both methods, indicating that it would have significant differences from other cultivars in both phenotypic traits and genetic background, making it suitable as a parental linefor hybridization. Considering the principles of uniform chromosomal distribution, distinct band patterns, and rich polymorphism, eight SSR makers (Satt197, Satt268, Satt373, Satt005, Satt431, Satt334, Satt191, and Satt380) were selected to construct the molecular fingerprint map of the 22 vegetable soybean varieties approved in Fujian Province. With these primer combination, 19 out of the 22 varieties could be distinguished, except for Maodou No.3, Huxuan 23-9, and Maodou 389. The findings would provide a scientific foundation for the efficient utilization of vegetable soybean germplasm resources and breeding in Fujian Province. This would also contribute to the differentiation and preservation of approved varieties.