Abstract:From 1996 to 1999,five rice blast characterization nurseries were established in the serious blast-infected areas at different latitudes and ecosystems to characterize and select varieties with durable resistance to blast.Of the 6000 accessions characterized,74 blast resistance accessions were selected including 56 japonica varieties, 18 indica varieties and 3 wild species.Tetep and Moroberekan were used as resistant check and B40 was used as sensitive check.Systematic analysis on data obtained from filed evaluation showed that Dabaigu (japonica),Haonongzao (indica),Haoyulang (indica) and wild rice (Oryza meyeriana (Zoll et Mor.)Baill)have durable resistance to rice blast.The wild rice has high resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola and immune to Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and has medium resistance to Magnaporthe geisea.It is suggested that a simple and fast method for screening rice verieties with durable resistance to Magnaporthe geisea in different ecosystem may be developed by using the number of spores and the types of lesion as the indicators.

Abstract:The effect of GA_3 on 28 japonica dwarf varieties was studied.The results showed that the response of the plants to GA_3 of most tested varieties were similar at seedling and shooting stages while there was a little difference in some varieties.In japonica rice,the varieties with sd-1 dwarf gene were sensitive to GA_3.However,not all the GA_3-sensitive varieties have sd-1 gene.It is concluded that Ai-4 and Ziyeai might carry non-allelic to sd-1.The effect of GA_3 on the elements of plant height was different.Of all elements of plant height,the response of first and second base internodes to GA_3 were most significant.

Abstract:采用Griffing方法Ⅰ,利用6×6完全双列杂交,对冬小麦单株粒重、单穗粒重和千粒重三个性状的配合力、基因效应及遗传组成进行了研究,结果表明这三种粒重性状的遗传同时受基因加性效应、非加性效应和母体效应的共同作用;千粒重、株粒重、穗粒重的狭义遗传力分别为72%、63%和45%,前两个性状以基因加性效应为主,后一性状基因加性、显性效应相当;细胞质作用对千粒重影响较小,株粒重和穗粒重则存在明显的核质互作.

Abstract:One hundred and ninety one accessions with superior agronomic characteristics of barley germplasm were evaluated for salt-tolerance and resistance to diseases of yellow mosaic,powdery mildew,barley scab and stripe in 1998 to 1999.The results indicated that among evaluated accessions,the number of the accessions resisting to yellow mosaic,powdery mildew,barley scab and stripe were 60,59,89 and 19 respectively.Salt-tolerance evaluation was undertaken during bud stage and seedling stage.The number of accessions tolerating to salt was 17 in bud stage and 2 in seedling stage.

Abstract:1698 maize germplasm (inbred lines,populations,hybrids and special germplasm) were screened and evaluated for resistance to Curvularia leaf spot caused by Curvularia lunata.The resistance of China germplasm was better than that of introduced ones.There was difference in resistance level among maize germplasm from different provinces,and the resistance was higher in germplasm from Beijing,Sichuan and Guangxi.There were 12 inbred lines that were high resistant (HR),and 22 hybrids that were high resistant (HR) and resistant (R) to Curvularia leaf spot.There were indifferent in resistance between maize germplasm with same nucleus genes and different cytoplasm background.The resistance genes to Turcicum leaf blight were inefficient to Curvularia leaf spot.

Abstract:棉花晋A细胞质雄性不育系雄性败育的主要时期是在造孢细胞增殖--小孢子母细胞形成时期.造孢细胞和小孢子母细胞退化导致雄性不育的主要细胞学特征是造孢细胞不能进行正常的有丝分裂,胞内常含有n个微核,小孢子母细胞细胞质液泡化,并且认为绒毡层的退化与小孢子母细胞败育密切相关.

Abstract:Elite soybean germplasm derived from the cross between G.max and G.soja which is faverable in more florets and pods,more branches and high protein content adopted from wild soybean,was used to make backcross with soybean cultivars (G.max) in order to broaden the genetic basis of soybean breeding and improve the agronomic traits,yield and quality of germplasm derived from interspecific crossing as well as soybean breeding for special purpose including exporting,sprouting,sauce making and food-treating.Breeding practice indicated that the utilization of new germplasm derived from wild and cultivated soybean is feasible and effective to broaden the genetic basis of soybean breeding and improve variety,especially to select soybean varieties or lines for special purpose.

Abstract:Wide-ridge,narrow-row and dense-planting cultivation is based on rotation,merged two ridge into one-ridge and planted six rows per ridge.Selecting suitable varieties for use is key skill of wide-ridge,narrow-row and dense planting cultivation.The purpose of this experiment is to screen and select new soybean varieties for wide-ridge ,narrow-row and dense-planting cultivation.It is suitable to select of half- dwarf and lodging resistant varieties for wide-ridge,narrow-row and dense-planting cultivation.The suitable varieties selected were Sui 98-6027 and Sui98-6007.

Abstract:Plants of Pterocypsela Shih were collected from Yunyang,Fuling and other ten counties in the reservoir areas of the Three Gorges from 1996 to 1997.The plants were cultivated and evaluated in Chengdu and Wanxian from 1998 to 1999.Analysis on nutrition composition of some species of Pterocypsela Shih was conducted.The results showed that three species,namely Pterocypsela laciniata,Pterocypsela indica and Pterocypsela lyrata,have high nutrition,medium yield and strong resistance.The harvest time of these species is from July to August when the market is lack of green vegetables. Therefore,the commercial values of these species are quite high.However,the taste of these species is not good except Pterocypsela lyrata.It is suggested that Pterocypsela lyrata be expanded for production as a new high nutrition green vegetables.

Abstract:Field survey on wild rice resources in situ was carried out in Yunnan Province in 1998 and 1999.The current statues of wild rice resources conservation in the province was presented including the history related to wild rice resources.The environment of in situ conservation was destroyed hence the population of the wild rice resources decreased significantly in the province.Therefore the current status of the conservation is unsatisfactory.Suggestions on how to conserve the resources were put forward.

Abstract:From 1950 to 2000,there were totally 53 commercial wheat varieties with annual planting area larger than 667000 hm~2 in China.Analysis on these varieties indicated that:1) six of the varieties were introduced from foreign countries,2) most domestic varieties were from Henan,Shandong,Sichuan,Shanxi and Hebei provinces,3) only two of the varieties were land races,and the parents of the varieties were geologically distant or with distant pedigree.Since 1950s,the number of wheat varieties used in production has been increased and the annual planting area and cultivated region of each variety have been decreased.These changes showde that wheat breeding has been improved gradually in China.

Abstract:本文介绍了国际水稻研究所成立近40年来育成品种的主要特性及IRRI品种在中国的应用情况.

Abstract:云南作物遗传资源十分丰富,近年来已开展了大量的研究工作,但也还存在许多不利的影响因素,制约着云南作物遗传资源研究的发展,迫切需要通过改革促进该领域的研究稳步向前发展.本文将在分析云南作物遗传资源研究现状的同时阐述深化改革、促进发展的设想,为今后的管理和研究工作提供借鉴.

Abstract:棉花黄萎病是真菌病害,病原菌为大丽轮枝菌(Vertillium daliae),因致病力不同可分为不同的致病类型或生理小种。据统计,黄萎病对棉花的危害有逐年加重的趋势。1993年是我国棉花黄萎病大发生的一年,发病面积约占全国棉田的一半以上。尤其是北方棉区受害更重,重病棉田棉花病株率在80%以上,其中落叶成光秆的病株率高达50%,损失皮棉达1亿公斤。新疆棉区由于种植面积不断扩大(2000年皮棉总产占全国的1/3以上),引种不规范和

Abstract:辽宁省是我国商品粮基地之一,也是我国大豆主要产区。而且大豆品种种植区域广,如铁丰18,南北跨12个纬度,铁丰24号不仅跨12个纬度,而且还进入了云南、江苏、上海、浙江等省市。我省大豆品种资源齐全、类型多。自1986年开始,对我省保存的大豆品种资源进行了全面的鉴定和评价,到1996年,10年时间我们共完成919份资源的鉴定任务,农艺性状鉴定26项,抗逆性鉴定4项,抗病性鉴定3项,抗虫性鉴定3项,籽粒化验测定了蛋白质、