Abstract:用不同温度和日长处理盆栽材料,测试苎麻雄性不育系的温光反应;于雌雄性器官发育期取盆栽植株顶部展开叶往下数第7叶,分析不育系的生化代谢;根据杂交及自交后代育性分离情况,鉴定不育系的不育性遗传方式.结果如下高温加速营养生长,而短日促进生殖生长,短日高温明显加快不育系的发育进度,但高温的促进作用随日长增加而减弱,以至消失.不育系的叶片粗蛋白质、氨基酸含量比可育系减少,尤其是天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、胱氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸和精氨酸减少明显,但游离脯氨酸含量增加.这些物质代谢的变化,可能是导致苎麻雄性不育的原因.不育系GS14-1、SS370、GSA-2、GS15-8和SS387等的不育性遗传与1对相对性状的遗传方式相符,已找到不育系的保持系和恢复系.

Abstract:灌浆期耐热性不同的早籼品种在细胞膜热稳定性及籽粒灌浆特性上存在明显差异.50℃热致死时间所表达的细胞膜热稳定性可以很好地反映出不同水稻品种灌浆期耐热性的强弱,农大228具有较好的细胞膜质量,是其耐高温逼熟的物质基础.农大228籽粒灌浆速率高而且灌浆期间变幅平稳,灌浆持续期较短是其耐高温逼熟的生理机制之一.

Abstract:The bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis) is a very destructive pest during Vigna legume storage.The segregation populations of VC1973A/TC1966 F_2 and VC1973A/(VC1973A/TC1966 F_2) BC_1F_1 and TC1966/(VC1973A/TC1966 F_2) BC_1F_1 have been evaluated for the genetic behavior of bruchid resistance.We have found the 3:1 mode of segregation for mungbean resistance gene to bruchid.The result showed that the character of mungbean bruchid resistance was controlling by a pair of dominance gene (Aa),with the resistance gene A.

Abstract:Totally 1107 accessions of rice germplasms were evaluated for plant height and tiller number at different development stages,and dry matter weight at maximum tillering period with two treatments of applied N and unapplied N in a pot experiment in screenhouse under rain-shelter.Relative growth rate was used for N use efficiency.The result indicated that relative dry matter weight (RDMW) at maximum tillering period was significantly and positively correlated with the relative plant height (RPH) and relative tiller number (RTN).Significant positive correlation existed between RPH and RTN at different development stages.Significant differences in rice germplasm were found for RPH and RTN at different development stages,and RDMW at maximum tillering period. Tiller number might be used as selection index for screening rice germplasm with high N use efficiency.Forteen rice germplasm accessions with high N use efficiency were selected with 11 indices including RPH,RTN and RDMW.

Abstract:Characterization of ecological adaption of 8804,Zinfandel,Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon which are four excellent wine grapes varieties(clone)of Vitis vinifera L.were primarily observed in the sourth subtropic zone.It indicated that 8804 had stronger disease resistance and more productive young trees.Zinfandel had the most productive young trees,but its fungi disease resistance was poor.Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon had ordinary performances on productiveness and disease resistance,while they could got better maturity.

Abstract:陆地棉突变体湘X9628具有植株有腺体、种子少腺体、低棉酚的特性.以苏棉12作为对照进行研究,结果表明,该突变体的产量、纤维品质、棉子仁油分、蛋白质、氨基酸含量等综合性状无明显缺陷,是培育低酚棉的良好材料.

Abstract:The cluster analysis of wheat breeding lines tested in the identification nursery was conducted based up the 10 agronomic traits,such as plot yield,heading date, plant height,spike length,spikes/hm~2,grains/spike,spike weight,1000 grain weight, plump degree of grains and grain horni-ness.All the 38 strains could be classified into five groups according to the method of deviation square sum with D~2=2.083.The relationships of strains among groups or within a group and between each of them and the control variety could be clearly understood through the analyses.Nine strains with good integrated agronomic traits were screened out,and the strains in each group were characterized.Such analyses would be used as a method for more accurately and quantitatively identifying lines of high generation in the wheat breeding nursery.

Abstract:Sixty cowpea germplasm were evaluated in Hebei,Henan and Anhui provinces.These varieties had early maturity,short plant,big seed size,more pods per plant,high yield,high stress resistance,disease and insect resistance and high protein. The result showed that 48 varieties reached the standard of cowpea elite germplasm.Thirty four accessions are the first-grade cowpea elite germplasm.These elite cowpea germplasm are stored in the national gene bank in ICGR CAAS and ready for research and production utilization.

Abstract:From 1996 to 2000,150 accessions of tabacco germplasm resources were collected,with 90 introduced from abroad.All of the new germplasm have been characterized,used and preserved.K346,RG11 and RG17 were selected and released in China after they were approved by the authority in 1997 and 1998.At the same time, tobacco seeds can be preserved safely by the method of ultra-dry preservation.

Abstract:Early Red Two is an American nectarine variety introduced from New Zealand by Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,CAAS.It was a low chilling required variety,chilling 500h,FDP 92d,attractive looks,high yield,high firmness,free stone, Dw/dw.It has been used successfully in commercial and breeding programs in China.

Abstract:以龙花84-106、藤系138和雪光为杂交亲本,育成了适宜寒地稻区种植的集优质、抗病、丰产于一体的水稻新品种龙粳10号.结果表明,在品种选育中,合理选择亲本材料,采用花药离体培养技术与常规技术相结合,并加强稳定材料的特性鉴定是行之有效的措施.

Abstract:Thirty-four different germplasm of eggplant were evaluated for their chilling resistance using chilling index at the seedling stage under low temperature press, vigor index of seed,and electric conductivity percentage target test.The results showed that vigor index and chilling index had high significant negative correlation with the electric conductivity percentage,and the electric conductivity percentage had high significant positive correlation with the chilling index.Eleven materials with strong resistance to chilling had been screened out by subordinate number function valus of chilling resistance and cluster analysis.

Abstract:The aim of rapeseed quality improvement has been to reduce erucic acid content in the oil and glucosinolate content in the meal since 1960s in the world.The aim has also been modified successively.For the edible rapeseed oil,to increase oleic acid, linoleic acid contents and to decrease saturated fatty acids,linolenic acid contents in the oil is a major goal for the coming years in order to make it as the healthiest edible oil.For the industrial purpose,to breed high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR)and high mid-length fatty acids cultivars has been done.With the conventional breeding combining effectively with biotechnology as well as with the heterosis utilization,the improvement will enter a new stage.

Abstract:本文简要回顾了自50年代以来山东省小麦种质资源引进、鉴定评价及创新利用概况,提出山东省小麦种质资源研究所存在的问题及解决途径.

Abstract:十字花科荠菜属的荠菜[Capsella bursa-pastoris(L·)Medic]是一种常用的中草药,也是油菜品种改良的种质资源。1992年我们首次测得荠菜种子的芥酸含量为1.34%,硫苷含量为12.64μmol/g。荠菜的抗逆性强,耐瘠抗旱。因而,荠菜应是油菜双低(芥酸、硫苷)和抗病育种的可贵资源。赵合句于1970年起,用荠菜与油菜杂交,1983年获得杂交种子,现已选育出数个优质抗病高产的油菜新品系。