Abstract:利用11对AFLP引物对106份小豆种质的基因组DNA进行扩增,共扩增出603条清晰可辨的带型,其中208条具有多态性,比例为34.5%,平均每对引物扩增出18.9条多态性带.基于AFLP标记,把106份小豆种质聚类划分为4个组群,该组群的划分与小豆的生态地域性存在一定的相关性.

Abstract:Twelve AVRDC mungbean varieties were evaluated for powdery mildew (PM) resistance at seedling stage.Three varieties VC1560C,V4785 and VC2768A showed significantly higher resistance to PM.Two varieties,VC6713-13-14 and Vl132, were moderately resistant.Others were susceptible and highly susceptible to PM. Sixteen lines backcrossed for nine times at AVRDC (BCg),which were resistant to bruchid,were evaluated for powdery mildew resistance at adult stage.Two of them showed less susceptible than the check VC1973A and VCl178A.The others were highly susceptible to PM.

Abstract:绵阳01821是绵阳市农业科学研究所采用复合杂交育成的优良种质,以它作为主要亲本之一,已育成4个小麦新品种,其中绵阳24号通过国家和省级审定,绵阳92-330和西南335通过省级审定,绵阳30号结束国家区域试验和生产试验,推荐国家审定,还有7个优良新品系正在参加各级区域试验和多点品比试验。育成品种已在生产上推广180.728万 hm~2。该材料具有矮秆、抗倒抗病力强、大粒、籽粒白皮、品质优良、商品性好等突出特点,是西南麦区小麦高产优质育种中有重要利用价值的种质。

Abstract:从1978年起,配制了甜×甜、甜×不甜、不甜×甜的三种类型百余个杂交组合,观察高粱杂交种糖分含量的变化,以了解杂种优势在该性状上的表现。试验表明应用三系培育甜高粱杂交种,同粒用高梁一样具有明显的杂种优势,主要表现在生活力及生产力的提高。在与糖产量有关的三因素中,以单(株)秆重的优势最为显著;杂交种的含糖量,一般表现为介于双亲之间;茎秆汁液的多少,关键是选择实心、多汁、高糖的亲本及其组配方式。提高单位面积产糖量,主要是通过增加茎秆总收获量来实现。

Abstract:本文对48份甘蔗品种(系)的叶片形态特征进行主成分、聚类和判别分析.结果表明,品种(系)间的叶片形态特征差异达到极显著水平(P＞0.01);主成分分析选出了3个主成分,方差累积贡献率达到97.52%,叶长、叶宽及形态因子分别是第一、二、三主成分的主导因子;在聚类分析基础上用判别分析选出对甘蔗品种(系)叶片形态分类有极显著影响的面积、长度、宽度、周长、长宽比及形态因子参数,同时建立了4个判别能力较高的判别模型.

Abstract:Twenty cultivars of wheat introduced from all parts of the country were analysed and classiflied by the principle and method of star site cluster analysis.Analysis results agreed with the manifestation in field in general.This method can help selection of parents for breeding purposes and for classification of wheat genetic resources.

Abstract:Effects of colchicine treatment date,concentration,treatment time and cultivar tolerance to colchicine on production of autotetraploid rice was investigated.The results indicated that the percentage of plant chromosome doubling was different,when the date of colchicine treating buds was different.The buds were treated with colchicine before April 15,the percentage of plant chromosome doubling was the highest.The per- centage of plant chromosome doubling were affected by colchieine concentration and treat- ment time.The optimum combination was that the buds were treated for 48 h with 0.1 ~//00 colchicine,or for 24 h with 0.2% colchicine.Tolerance to colchicine was different be tween cultivars.Zhongzuo 9025 has the strongest tolerance to colchicine,the recovery per- centage of buds is 92.4%,and the percentage of plant chromosome doubling is 38.7%. Yanzhou 14 is most susceptible to colchicine,and recovery percentage of buds is only 10.6%.

Abstract:Soybean is major source of botanic oil and protein.There are three kinds of different structural lipoxidase isozymes which are cause of gamey smell.The gamey smell restricts use and process of the soybean.In either squeezing the oil or processing protein, taking off the gamey smell is the main working procedure and technique.Usually adoptive high temperature and the strong sour/alkali methods denaturalize protein,reduce solubili- ty Of soybean protein,and destroy many nourishment composition and vitamin.However, the gamey smell can not be removed away completely.From 1994 we studied transfer breeding and germplasm enhancement of the soybean lipoxidase genes.We obtained some no gamey smell materials by mutant at the loci with good general agreculture traits.These materials have already been approved by the crop examine committee of Heilongjiang province officially in March 2002,and used in the production and process.

Abstract:“九五”期间,国家将“主要农作物种质资源评价与利用研究”列入国家重点科技攻关计划,取得了重大进展。通过该计划的完成,进一步丰富了中国作物种质资源多样性,使中国拥有作物种质资源达37万份。跃居世界第二;通过鉴定评价,筛选出的241份优异种质已在当前的作物育种和生产上发挥重要作用,并获得“九五”国家科技攻关重大成果;通过考察,抢救了三峡、赣南、粤北等山区一批珍、稀、优种质和近缘野生植物;五大作物种质资源指纹图谱绘制,重要性状基因的标记,以及库存种质保存理论和方法研究取得重要进展。提出了中国栽培稻和小麦核心种质建立的原则和方法。作物种质特性分布信息系统的建立和种质特性分布图的绘制,为种质特性的形成和分布规律研究提供了重要依据。

Abstract:This paper report the kinds,number and distribution of genetic resources of bast fiber crops in China,which was based on the researches carried out fron 7~(th)to 9~(th)Five Year Plan of China.Statues on protection,utilization of these resources were discussed. Strategies for sustainable utilization of these resources were also discussed.

Abstract:Cytoplasm of CMS line influence the expression of F_1 of hybrid rice.The effect of a certain CMS cytoplasm on different characters of F_1 is dissimilar and different CMS cytoplasms have vary effects on a same character.Most of CMS cytoplasms present negative effects.A practical method to reduce or eliminate the negative effects of CMS cytoplasm is selecting elite CMS cytoplasm or strong restorer by broadening CMS cytoplasm base.It is necessary to breed homokaryon-alloplasm sterile line with multiple cytoplasms for hybrid rice production.

Abstract:In situ conservation is the important methodology for protection of the genetic diversity in wild relatives of forests and crops.In China,wild rice resources were abundant and distributing widely.However,these important genetic resources have been erosion seriously because destroy of the environment for its living in these years. Therefore,In situ conservation of wild rice is very urgent.This essay discusses the meaning,choice of the sites,and the basic requirement on the place for in situ conservation of this wild important genetic resource.

Abstract:Yunnan is one province with richest crop genetic resources in China.More than 20,000 accessions of crop genetic germplasms have been collected,including rice, wheat,maize,sugarcane,tea,oil plants and flowers.Serious researches have been carried out for sustainable use of these resources.Further potentional for use in breeding and international exchange of these collections were discussed in this paper.

Abstract:Crop germplasm resources can be divided into three categories, transferability resources,non-transferability resources and obstacle transferability resources,according to transferability of genes in crop crossing.These three kinds of resources exist in all crop.With the development of life science,non-transferability resources will be reduced,and the obstacle transferability resources increased.